| benchmark_1_review.doc |
Compare – Noting the SIMILARITIES in two or more objects
Contrast - Noting the DIFFERENCES in two or more objects
Control – The standard used to compare with the outcome of a test
Data – Recorded observations and measurements
Density – Measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of objects
Dependent Variable – What is measured in an experiment: The response to the independent variable
Independent Variable – The factor that is changed in an experiment
Graph – Diagram that shows the relationship of one variable to another
Hypothesis – A prediction that can be tested
Inference – An attempt to explain or interpret observations
Law – Scientific theory that has been tested many times and is generally accepted as true
Mass – Measure of the amount of a matter in an object
Qualitative – Describing something using only words
Quantitative – describing how much of something there is using Numbers… quantity
Scientific method – Systematic approach to problem solving
Sequence – An arrangement of things or events in a particular order
Theory – An explanation of things base on many observations
Variable – The factor tested in an experiment
Volume – The amount of space an object takes up. Not how loud something is…
Cell Theory – States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from cells that already exist.
Biogenesis – The theory that living things come only from other living things (Correct Theory)
Spontaneous Generation - The theory that living things come from non-living things (Incorrect Theory)
Compound Light Microscope – The fancy words for the microscopes you use in class
Eukaryotic Cells – Cells that have a Nuclear Membrane
Prokaryotic Cells – Cells that do NOT have a nuclear membrane
Metric System – What the entire world uses except U.S. – Meter, Liter, Grams
Meter – Basic unit of length
Liter – Basic unit of volume in the metric system
Grams – Basic unit of weight
Mitosis – The process in which the cell divides into two exact copies
Prophase – “Prepare” – The genetic material bundles up and forms chromosomes and the nuclear membrane break down. The centrioles move to the poles of the cell.
Metaphase - “Middle” – The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The centrioles attach to the chromosomes
Anaphase – “Apart” - The chromosomes are ripped apart and 1 set of each chromosomes move to each side
Telophase – “Two” – The cell begins to split into two and the nuclear membranes start to reform
Cytokinesis “Cut” – The cell finally splits apart. This results in two exact copies of the original cell
“Mitosis makes my toeses Meiosis made me”
Interphase – The cell remains in interphase for most of the time it is alive. Only when it gets the signal does it start Mitosis
Meiosis – Is slightly different than Mitosis and makes the sex cells (sperm, eggs)
CELL ORGANELLES (*only in plants)
Cell Membrane – Outer Boundary of the cell that allows only certain materials to pass into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm – Gel-Like material inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Folded membrane that moves materials around in the cell (Transportation)
Mitochondria or Mitochondrion – Breaks down food and releases energy (Cell Powerhouse)
Nucleus – Directs all cell activities (the brain of the cell)
Vacuoles – Storage tanks for the cell (much bigger in plants, but still present in animals)
Lysosome – Contain chemicals that digest wastes and worn-out cell parts as well as break down food
Ribosomes – Where all the protein is made
*Cell Wall – Rigid Structure made of cellulose that supports and protects the plant cell; Found outside cell membrane
*Chloroplast – Organelles in plant cells that change light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar (glucose)
*Chlorophyll – Green pigment in plant cells that traps light energy, which is then used to produce food for the plant cell
Movement of materials across a membrane
Active Transportation – Energy requiring process that can “carry” a substance into a cell
Passive Transportation – Movement of a material across a cell without the use of energy (Water does this)
Diffusion – Movement of molecules from an area where there is a HIGH concentration to LOW concentration (think about water behind a dam and what happens if the dam is taken away).
Osmosis – Diffusion of WATER into and out of the cell (moves through the cell membrane). Water is moving constantly
Equilibrium – The state where molecules of a substance are spread out EVENLY throughout a space. Equal
Selective Permeability – The property of a cell membrane that allows some materials to pass through while keeping other materials out. Like the Security guy at the club that only lets the pretty ladies in.
Digestion – Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules that cells can absorb and use
Irritability – The property of living organisms that permits them to react to stimuli
Metabolism – Total of all chemical activities of an organism that enable it to stay alive, grow and replicate.
Cell – The smallest unit of an organism that can perform life functions
Tissue – Group of similar cells that work together to do a job. They form Organs
Organ – Structure, such as the heart, made of up different types of tissues that work together to form systems
System – Organs work together to form a system such as the digestive system – requires several organs like the stomach, small intestines, brain, etc. Systems form a fully developed Organism.
Endocytosis – Process by which the cells transport stuff INTO the cell
Exocytosis – Process by which the cells transport stuff OUT of the cell
Contrast - Noting the DIFFERENCES in two or more objects
Control – The standard used to compare with the outcome of a test
Data – Recorded observations and measurements
Density – Measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of objects
Dependent Variable – What is measured in an experiment: The response to the independent variable
Independent Variable – The factor that is changed in an experiment
Graph – Diagram that shows the relationship of one variable to another
Hypothesis – A prediction that can be tested
Inference – An attempt to explain or interpret observations
Law – Scientific theory that has been tested many times and is generally accepted as true
Mass – Measure of the amount of a matter in an object
Qualitative – Describing something using only words
Quantitative – describing how much of something there is using Numbers… quantity
Scientific method – Systematic approach to problem solving
Sequence – An arrangement of things or events in a particular order
Theory – An explanation of things base on many observations
Variable – The factor tested in an experiment
Volume – The amount of space an object takes up. Not how loud something is…
Cell Theory – States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from cells that already exist.
Biogenesis – The theory that living things come only from other living things (Correct Theory)
Spontaneous Generation - The theory that living things come from non-living things (Incorrect Theory)
Compound Light Microscope – The fancy words for the microscopes you use in class
Eukaryotic Cells – Cells that have a Nuclear Membrane
Prokaryotic Cells – Cells that do NOT have a nuclear membrane
Metric System – What the entire world uses except U.S. – Meter, Liter, Grams
Meter – Basic unit of length
Liter – Basic unit of volume in the metric system
Grams – Basic unit of weight
Mitosis – The process in which the cell divides into two exact copies
Prophase – “Prepare” – The genetic material bundles up and forms chromosomes and the nuclear membrane break down. The centrioles move to the poles of the cell.
Metaphase - “Middle” – The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The centrioles attach to the chromosomes
Anaphase – “Apart” - The chromosomes are ripped apart and 1 set of each chromosomes move to each side
Telophase – “Two” – The cell begins to split into two and the nuclear membranes start to reform
Cytokinesis “Cut” – The cell finally splits apart. This results in two exact copies of the original cell
“Mitosis makes my toeses Meiosis made me”
Interphase – The cell remains in interphase for most of the time it is alive. Only when it gets the signal does it start Mitosis
Meiosis – Is slightly different than Mitosis and makes the sex cells (sperm, eggs)
CELL ORGANELLES (*only in plants)
Cell Membrane – Outer Boundary of the cell that allows only certain materials to pass into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm – Gel-Like material inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Folded membrane that moves materials around in the cell (Transportation)
Mitochondria or Mitochondrion – Breaks down food and releases energy (Cell Powerhouse)
Nucleus – Directs all cell activities (the brain of the cell)
Vacuoles – Storage tanks for the cell (much bigger in plants, but still present in animals)
Lysosome – Contain chemicals that digest wastes and worn-out cell parts as well as break down food
Ribosomes – Where all the protein is made
*Cell Wall – Rigid Structure made of cellulose that supports and protects the plant cell; Found outside cell membrane
*Chloroplast – Organelles in plant cells that change light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar (glucose)
*Chlorophyll – Green pigment in plant cells that traps light energy, which is then used to produce food for the plant cell
Movement of materials across a membrane
Active Transportation – Energy requiring process that can “carry” a substance into a cell
Passive Transportation – Movement of a material across a cell without the use of energy (Water does this)
Diffusion – Movement of molecules from an area where there is a HIGH concentration to LOW concentration (think about water behind a dam and what happens if the dam is taken away).
Osmosis – Diffusion of WATER into and out of the cell (moves through the cell membrane). Water is moving constantly
Equilibrium – The state where molecules of a substance are spread out EVENLY throughout a space. Equal
Selective Permeability – The property of a cell membrane that allows some materials to pass through while keeping other materials out. Like the Security guy at the club that only lets the pretty ladies in.
Digestion – Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules that cells can absorb and use
Irritability – The property of living organisms that permits them to react to stimuli
Metabolism – Total of all chemical activities of an organism that enable it to stay alive, grow and replicate.
Cell – The smallest unit of an organism that can perform life functions
Tissue – Group of similar cells that work together to do a job. They form Organs
Organ – Structure, such as the heart, made of up different types of tissues that work together to form systems
System – Organs work together to form a system such as the digestive system – requires several organs like the stomach, small intestines, brain, etc. Systems form a fully developed Organism.
Endocytosis – Process by which the cells transport stuff INTO the cell
Exocytosis – Process by which the cells transport stuff OUT of the cell
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